While biofilters are increasingly popular for their multifaceted approach to urban stormwater management, their most common application is as the initial stage in a treatment system. In this role, they excel at improving water quality and promoting groundwater recharge, particularly for small streams located at the headwaters. This is because biofilters can tackle a variety of stormwater challenges, including reducing runoff's negative effects, replenishing groundwater supplies, and managing water quality and flow rates for both minor and major storms.
Advantages
Low investment and operation costs
Simple construction
Effective removal of biologically degradable components
Low pressure drop
Little waste water (percolate water)
Little waste material (only replaced filter material)
Disadvantages
Large surface area needed
Periodic maintenance needed
It is difficult to check the humidity and pH of the filter material
Few configuration parameters to improve efficiency
Risk of blockage due to dust
Fluctuations in concentration have a big influence on efficiency
The bed must be continuously aerated to avoid anaerobic conditions.
